Since ancient times, the territory of Mogoro experienced a strong anthropization, owing to its strategical position in Upper Marmilla and to the fertility of its soils, besides its proximity to Mount Arci - the large extraction centre of obsidian, or the ‘black gold’ of prehistorical age.

Archaeological research started in the 50’s evidenced that the area had been intensively populated since the Middle Neolithic, as the village of Puisteris confirms. This stands for one of the most important prehistorical settlements of Sardinia, being a rich centre of obsidian processing. Among the countless Nuragic monuments, the monumental complex of Cuccurada includes an impressive polylobate nuraghe, a still mysterious cyclopean structure and the ruins of a megalithic wall. The territory of Mogoro preserves traces of Roman and medieval villages, possibly disappeared in the 15h and 16th centuries.

During the medieval age, Mogoro ruled the department of Parte Montis, within the Giudicato of Arborea; it intervened during the peace treaty of the 24th January 1388 between Eleonora of Arborea and the King John I of Aragon. After the decline of the Marquisate of Oristano, it passed under the feudal control of various noble families, such as Centelles, Manca, Sanjust, Canti Quirra, Ozorio de la Cueva.

At the beginning of the 16th century, Mogoro received the refugees from Bonorcili, a medieval hamlet located on the Campidano plain (where the vines of Is Arenas now lay) destroyed by Saracens, who also attacked the nearby villages of Terralba, Uras and St. Nicolò Arcidano. Under the reign of King Charles Albert the territory was released in accordance with the ‘Royal Court’, which aimed at taking back the wide feudal areas neglected by feudal owners.